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Evaluating Force Main Transients with SWMM5 and Other Programs

Karen Ridgway (2010)
Applied Science Associates, USA
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14796/JWMM.R236-04
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Abstract

The question of whether SWMM5 and other hydraulic calculation programs commonly used to model wastewater collection systems can accurately simulate the flow conditions in pump station force mains was raised and discussed in the SWMM Users Group in 2008. Rises in pressure occur in the downstream force main following a pump turning on, and drops in pressure occur following pumps turning off. These changes are water hammer and result in pressure waves and flow rate oscillations in the force main.

Four one-dimensional hydraulic calculation programs were compared in the analysis of a theoretical force main problem. All of the programs are link and node type programs. The links may be channels, conduits, valves, gates, dams, weirs or pumps (depending on the program). The links are connected to junctions at either end. The junctions may be reservoirs, manholes, or closed conduit junctions such as pipe tees.

The programs evaluated include: SWMM5 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Water Hammer and Mass Oscillation (WHAMO) by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, the Transient Analysis Program (TAP) by Applied Science, Inc., and InfoWorks CS (Collection System) by Wallingford Software Ltd.

SWMM5 has a new force main feature that was tested. This feature did not exist in earlier versions of the SWMM program. Conduits may be specified as cylindrically shaped force mains that always flow full and have friction losses calculated using the Hazen-Williams or Darcy-Weisbach formulae.

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PAPER INFO

Identification

CHI ref #: R236-04 758
Volume: 18
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14796/JWMM.R236-04
Cite as: JWMM 18: R236-04

Publication History

Received: N/A
First decision: N/A
Accepted: N/A
Published: February 15, 2010

Status

# reviewers: 2
Version: Final published

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© 2010 CHI.
Some rights reserved.

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Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Journal of Water Management Modeling is an open-access (OA) publication. Open access means that articles and papers are available without barriers to all who could benefit from them. Practically speaking, all published works will be available to a worldwide audience, free, immediately on publication. As such, JWMM can be considered a Diamond, Gratis OA journal.

All papers published in the JWMM are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY).

JWMM content can be downloaded, printed, copied, distributed, and linked-to, when providing full attribution to both the author/s and JWMM.


AUTHORS

Karen Ridgway

Applied Science Associates, Detroit, MI, USA
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creative commons license   JWMM content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0 DEED)


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