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Urban Induced Rainfall Modifications on Urban Hydrologic Response

Shannon Reynolds, Steven Burian, Marshall Shepherd and Michael Manyin (2008)
Camp Dresser & McKee; University of Utah; University of Georgia; NASA
DOI: 10.14796/JWMM.R228-07
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Abstract

Potential effects of urban areas on rainfall patterns have been increasingly studied, debated and recorded in the archived literature since 1921, when Horton observed rainstorm development over two cities, Albany, New York, and Providence, Rhode Island, which he attributed to the presence of the urban areas. Temperature is the most commonly studied climate variable influenced by urbanization, but other components of the water cycle studied include rainfall, infiltration, runoff, and evaporation. Generally scientists agree that urbanization affects spatial and temporal (diurnal) temperature patterns in cities. The science behind the effect is fairly well defined. However, urbanization effects on rainfall are not as well defined and consensus has not been reached among scientists regarding the existence and importance of the effect and the contributing factors.

Although numerous studies of urban impacts on rainfall have been performed including comprehensive field monitoring campaigns, sophisticated numerical modeling studies, and innovative data analyses, certainty has not been achieved. Defensible certainty is difficult to achieve because field experiments are uncontrolled, data analysis relies on limited data resources, and modeling and computational limitations have prevented comprehensive analysis of all influencing factors. As advances in technology and the availability of large volumes of rainfall data progress, this obstacle diminishes. Computer programs are becoming increasingly capable of handling massive amounts of data input, facilitating the use of high-resolution data necessary to accurately depict spatial rainfall patterns and urban land surfaces.

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PAPER INFO

Identification

CHI ref #: R228-07 815
Volume: 16
DOI: 10.14796/JWMM.R228-07
Cite as: CHI JWMM 2008;R228-07

Publication History

Received: N/A
Accepted: N/A
Published: February 15, 2008

Status

# reviewers: 2
Version: Final published

Copyright

© 2008 CHI. Some rights reserved.

The Journal of Water Management Modeling is an open-access (OA) publication. Open access means that articles and papers are available without barriers to all who could benefit from them. Practically speaking, all published works will be available to a worldwide audience, free, immediately on publication.

JWMM content can be downloaded, printed, copied, distributed, and linked-to, provided full attribution to both CHI and the author is given.

JWMM content may not be re-published, either online or in print, without prior written consent of CHI. As such, JWMM can be considered a Gold, Gratis OA journal.


AUTHORS

Shannon Reynolds

Camp Dresser & McKee, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Steven Burian

University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

Marshall Shepherd

University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

Michael Manyin

NASA, Greenbelt, MD, USA

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