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Review of Historical Street Dust and Dirt Accumulation and Washoff Data

Robert E. Pitt, Derek Williamson, John Voorhees and Shirley Clark (2005)
University of Alabama; Earth Tech Canada Inc.; Penn State Harrisburg
DOI: 10.14796/JWMM.R223-12
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Abstract

Many complex models that utilize continuous simulation (SWMM, HSPF, SLAMM, SIMPTM, etc.) require information pertaining to the accumulation rate of pollutants on the land surfaces. This is one of the most perplexing issues in stormwater modeling. A representation of the accumulation rates is usually obtained through trial and error during calibration, with little, if any, actual direct measurements. Historically, direct measurements have been misapplied in modeling applications, resulting in unreasonable model predictions. Many modelers therefore forego accumulation rate data, preferring to back into values from outfall observations. This approach makes it very difficult to correctly predict the sources of stormwater pollutants in urban areas and to make reasonable stormwater management decisions using source area controls. This dilemma has come about due to a major misinterpretation of previously collected field data: the assumption that street dirt loadings are zero after most rains. With the correct understanding and modeling of the washoff process, the vast amount of historically collected accumulation data becomes an important modeling resource. This Chapter presents a summary of this useful information. This information has been used in Pitt and Voorhees’ Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM) and variations have been used in Sutherland’s Simple Particulate Transport Model (SIMPTM) to more accurately predict these important source area processes. Relatively simple modifications can be made to other continuous models that utilize accumulation and washoff functions for more accurate and complete stormwater control predictions.

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PAPER INFO

Identification

CHI ref #: R223-12 895
Volume: 13
DOI: 10.14796/JWMM.R223-12
Cite as: CHI JWMM 2005;R223-12

Publication History

Received: N/A
Accepted: N/A
Published: February 15, 2005

Status

# reviewers: 2
Version: Final published

Copyright

© 2005 CHI. Some rights reserved.

The Journal of Water Management Modeling is an open-access (OA) publication. Open access means that articles and papers are available without barriers to all who could benefit from them. Practically speaking, all published works will be available to a worldwide audience, free, immediately on publication.

JWMM content can be downloaded, printed, copied, distributed, and linked-to, provided full attribution to both CHI and the author is given.

JWMM content may not be re-published, either online or in print, without prior written consent of CHI. As such, JWMM can be considered a Gold, Gratis OA journal.


AUTHORS

Robert E. Pitt

University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

Derek Williamson

University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

John Voorhees

Earth Tech Canada Inc., Madison, WI, USA

Shirley Clark

Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, USA

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